There is some debate regarding the history of tiramisu. Some believe it was actually first created during the First World War. Women in northern Italy made these desserts for the men to take with them as they were being sent off to war. Presumably to remind them of their love together; as the bitter-sweet taste of the dessert alludes to the perplexing feeling of love itself. Or more practically, they might have believed the high caffeine and energy content of these desserts give their men more energy to fight and help bring them home safely. Yet another story regarding tiramisu dates back even further. It is said that during the Renaissance periods, Venetian women made these to be shared with their men during the late hours because they believed it would give them the energy to make more vigorous love later. A less glamorous theory explains that the dessert was a way of salvaging old cake and coffee that had gone cold by using the left over coffee and perhaps some liqueur to moisten the stale cake. The dish was greatly improved by layering it with cream or cream cheese. Still others claim that the dessert is a recent invention. They point out that while the recipes and histories of other layered desserts are very similar, the first documented mention of tiramisł in a published work appears in an Italian cookbook where it is referred to as a "recent recipe." Backing up this story is the fact that the author of the aforementioned Italian cookbook explained in an earlier article that tiramisł was created in 1971 (actually "10 years ago" in the article, which was written in 1981) in the restaurant Le Beccherie, and the owners of Le Beccherie do indeed claim that they invented the recipe.